WHO warns of consequences of underfunding TB

World TB cases decline for first time


Oct. 11, 2011, 9:59 p.m.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports for the first time that the number of people falling ill with tuberculosis (TB) each year is declining. New data, published today in the WHO 2011 Global Tuberculosis Control Report, also show that the number of people dying from the disease fell to its lowest level in a decade. Yet, current progress is at risk from under-funding, especially efforts to combat drug-resistant TB.

The new report finds:

"Fewer people are dying of tuberculosis, and fewer are falling ill. This is major progress.But it is no cause for complacency." said United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. " Too many millions still develop TB each year, and too many die. I urge serious and sustained support for TB prevention and care, especially for the world's poorest and most vulnerable people".

Much of the progress reported today is the result of expanded efforts in large countries.

"In many countries, strong leadership and domestic financing, with robust donor support, has started to make a real difference in the fight against TB," said WHO's Director-General, Dr Margaret Chan. "The challenge now is to build on that commitment, to increase the global effort - and to pay particular attention to the growing threat of multidrug-resistant TB."

Among these countries are Kenya and the United Republic of Tanzania. In these African countries, the burden of TB is estimated to have been declining for much of the last decade after a peak linked to the HIV epidemic. Brazil has reported a significant and sustained decline in its TB burden since 1990. In China the progress has been dramatic. Between 1990 and 2010, China's TB death rate fell by almost 80%, with deaths falling from 216,000 in 1990, to 55,000 in 2010. In the same period, TB prevalence halved, from 215 to 108 per 100,000 population.

Worldwide, the share of domestic funding allocated to TB rose to 86% for 2012. But most low income countries still rely heavily on external funding. Overall, countries have reported a funding shortfall of US$1 billion for TB implementation in 2012.

TREATING MDR-TB PATIENTS

Treating multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)* remains one of the most under-funded areas. While the number of MDR-TB patients treated increased to 46,000 in 2010 – this is just 16% of the estimated number of MDR-TB patients that needed treatment. Of the US$1 billion gap reported by countries for 2012, US$200 million is for the MDR-TB response.

"A new rapid test for MDR-TB is revolutionizing TB diagnosis with 26 countries using the test only six months after its endorsement by WHO last December, with at least ten more countries expected to have it by the end of 2011," said Dr Mario Raviglione, Director of WHO’s Stop TB Department, "But the promise of testing more people must be matched with the commitment to treat all detected. It would be a scandal to leave diagnosed patients without treatment".

AFRICA AND TB/HIV

People living with HIV, who are also infected with the bacteria causing TB, are up to 34 times more likely to develop TB disease. In 2010, 1.1 million people living with HIV developed TB - 82% of them (900,000 people) in Africa. Worldwide, 12% of TB patients have HIV coinfection.

Progress has been made in addressing the TB/HIV co-epidemic, with coverage of testing for HIV rising to 59% of TB patients in Africa. But further commitment is needed if the region is to meet key 2015 TB targets. In 2010, almost half of TB patients testing positive for HIV in Africa were taking antiretrovirals, and about three-quarters began co-trimoxazole preventive therapy, which helps reduce mortality. Both treatments are among the essential elements of TB/HIV care.

NEW TOOLS TO FIGHT TB

The report features promising developments in TB diagnostics, drugs and vaccines. Among these, there are strong prospects for shortened drug regimens. Results from three Phase III drug trials are expected between 2012 and 2013, while results from two Phase II trials of new MDR-TB drugs are expected in 2012.

The data on TB and its prevention, care and control, included in the 2011 Global Tuberculosis Control Report, were submitted to WHO by 198 countries. Profiles for these countries are also included in the report.

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*MDR-TB is caused by bacteria that are resistant to the most effective anti-TB drugs (isoniazid and rifampicin). This form of TB does not respond to the standard six month treatment with first-line anti-TB drugs and can take two years or more to treat with drugs that are less potent, more toxic and much more expensive.

The WHO 2011 Global Tuberculosis Control Report can be found at: www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/index.html

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http://www.who.int/tb/publications/2011_TBreport_launch/en/index.html