The use of nanopore sequencing for the early identification of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) infection had superior diagnostic accuracy compared with both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture analyses and Xpert MTB/rifampin (RIF) assays, according to results of a study published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases.

Treatment with high-dose rifamycin (HDR)-based regimens was not associated with an increased risk for severe adverse events (SAE) compared with standard-dose rifamycin (SDR)-based regimens among patients with tuberculosis (TB) infection, according to results of a study published in Thorax.

A multicomponent diagnostic strategy was found to increase the number of patients being tested, diagnosed, and treated for confirmed tuberculosis (TB) infection, according to results of a cluster-randomized study published in The New England Journal of Medicine.

An RNA signature of tuberculosis, RISK11, was used to discriminate between individuals with prevalent tuberculosis or progression to incident tuberculosis and individuals who remained healthy, according to a study in The Lancet Infectious Diseases. However, the use of 3 months of once-weekly high-dose isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) to treat signature-positive individuals did not reduce progression to tuberculosis over 15 months.

Among a cohort of children living in contact with sputum smear-positive adult tuberculosis (TB) patients on Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS), roughly half the children were suffering from tuberculosis or tubercular infection, according to a follow-up study published in BMC Infectious Diseases. During 9 months of follow-up, 22 unaffected children developed disease and 43 acquired infection.

Active infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) enhances anti-HIV-1 antibody response, which may then lead to the emergence of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that target conserved envelope domains. These results were presented at the virtual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections held from March 8 to 11, 2020.

A new treatment-decision score for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children with HIV performed well, and when used in an algorithm may facilitate prompt treatment decision making for children at a high risk for mortality, according to data published in Pediatrics. 

According to data published in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, the dosing recommendations regarding levofloxacin for the treatment and prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in children may need to be re-evaluated.

A deep-learning algorithm performed better than radiologists at detecting active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) on chest radiographs, according to data published in Clinical Infectious Diseases.

Shorter treatment regimens for tuberculosis (TB) were associated with increased completion rates and fewer adverse events compared with traditional regimens, according to a study published in Pediatrics.